Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a condition in which pelvic floor muscles around the bladder, anal canal, and vagina do not work properly. (1) It can manifest in different ways, characterized by either heightened activity (hypertonicity), reduced activity (hypotonicity), or poor coordination of the pelvic floor muscles. These clinical aspects are not limited to one domain but rather span urologic, gynaecologic, and colorectal areas, often interconnected.
- Sensation of heaviness or discomfort: Women may report feelings of heaviness, fullness, pulling, or aching in the vaginal region, which can worsen as the day progresses or during bowel movements. (2)
- Vaginal bulging: Some may see or feel a "bulge" or "something coming out" of the vagina, a distressing symptom associated with PFD. (2)
- Urinary issues: PFD can lead to difficulties in initiating urination or emptying the bladder completely. Additionally, it may cause urine leakage during activities such as coughing, laughing, or exercising. Urgency and frequency in urination, along with painful urination, can also be prevalent. (2)
- Bowel and digestive problems: PFD can bring about stool leakage or trouble controlling gas, along with constipation. Individuals might find it challenging to reach the bathroom in time, impacting their daily routines. (2)
- Sexual problems: Dyspareunia, or pain during and after sexual intercourse, is another facet of PFD that can affect a woman's quality of life. (2)
- Pelvic pain: Chronic pelvic pain, persisting for more than three to six months and unrelated to other defined conditions, can be attributed to PFD. (2)
Recognizing the multifaceted nature of PFD is the first step in providing comprehensive care and support. Whether it's pain or the challenge of maintaining continence, addressing these concerns requires a holistic approach. Make sure to speak with your healthcare provider if you are struggling with pelvic floor dysfunction.
REFERENCES:
- James L. Whiteside, Tyler Muffly, Chapter 26 - Overview of Pelvic Floor Disorders: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Editor(s): Marlene B. Goldman, Rebecca Troisi, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Women and Health (Second Edition), Academic Press, 2013, Pages 389-403, ISBN 9780123849786.
- Grimes WR, Stratton M. Pelvic Floor Dysfunction. [Updated 2023 Jun 26]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559246/